library(openxlsx)

sample1<-read.xlsx("http://kanggc.iptime.org/book/data/gdpexp-e.xlsx")

y<-ts(sample1$gdp, start=2011, end=2017, frequency=1)
c<-ts(sample1$cons, start=2011, end=2017, frequency=1)
i<-ts(sample1$inv, start=2011, end=2017, frequency=1)
g<-ts(sample1$gov, start=2011, end=2017, frequency=1)
x<-ts(sample1$ex, start=2011, end=2017, frequency=1)
m<-ts(sample1$im, start=2011, end=2017, frequency=1)
d<-ts(sample1$discrep, start=2011, end=2017, frequency=1)

z0<-as.matrix(cbind(y,c,i,g,x,m,d))
z0
z1<-matrix(data=NA, nrow=6, ncol=6, byrow=T)
z1
for(i in 1:6) {
  for(j in 1:6) {
    z1[i,j]<-((z0[i+1,j+1]-z0[i,j+1])/(z0[i+1,1]-z0[i,1]))*100
       }  
}
(z1<-round(z1, digits=4))

z2<-matrix(data=NA, nrow=6, ncol=6, byrow=T)

for(i in 1:6) {
  for(j in 1:6) {
    z2[i,j]<-(z0[i+1,1]-z0[i,1])/(z0[i,1])*z1[i,j]
  }  
}
(z2<-round(z2, digits=4))